Q. It has been our experience that a worker becomes power-loving
after some time. How are the rest of his coworkers to keep him in
check? In other words, how are we to preserve the democratic
character of the organization? We have found that non-co-operation
with the party in question does not help. The work of the
organization itself suffers.
A. This is not your experience alone but it is almost universal. Love
of power is usual in man and it often only dies with his death.
Therefore, it is difficult for co-workers to keep him in check, if
only because they are more likely than not to have the same human
frailty; and so long as we do not know a single completely
non-violent organization in the world, we cannot claim to know the
utterly democratic character of an organization because, as can be
definitely proved, no perfect democracy is possible without perfect
non-violence at the back of it. The question would be proper if
non-co-operation was violent as it often, if not invariably, is.
Claiming to know somewhat from experience the non-violent character
of non-co-operation, I suggest that given a good cause, non-violent
non-co-operation must succeed, and no organization can suffer
through offering non-violent non-co-operation. The questioner labours under the difficulty of having experience of non-co-operation, at best partially non-violent, at its worst
bareface violence sailing under the name of non-violence. The pages
of the Harijan and Young India are filled with
instances of abortive non-co-operation, because of these two vital
defects, non-violence being partial or totally absent. During my
long experience, I also noticed that those who complain of others
being ambitious of holding power are no less ambitious themselves,
and when it is a question of distinguishing between half a dozen and
six, it becomes a thankless task.
Q. In almost all villages there are parties and factions. When we
draft local help, whether we wish it or not, we become involved in
local power politics. How can we steer clear of this difficulty?
Should we try to by-pass both parties and carry on work with the
help of outside workers? Our experience has been that such work
becomes entirely contingent upon outside aid and crumbles down as
soon as the latter is withdrawn. What should we do then to develop
local initiative and foster local co-operation?
A. Alas for India that parties and factions are to be found in the
villages as they are to be found in our cities. And when power
politics enter our villages with less thought of the welfare of the
villages and more of using them for increasing the parties' own
power, this becomes a hindrance to the progress of the villagers
rather than a help. I would say that whatever be the consequence, we
must make use as much as possible of local help and if we are free
from the taint of power politics, we are not likely to go wrong. Let
us remember that the English-educated men and women from the cities
have criminally neglected the villages of India which are the
backbone of the country. The process of remembering our neglect
will induce patience. I have never gone to a single village which is
devoid of an honest worker. We fail to find him when we are not
humble enough to recognize any merit in our villages. Of course, we
are to steer clear of local politics, and this we shall learn to do
when we accept help from all parties and no parties, wherever it is
really good. I would regard it as fatal for success to bypass
villagers. As I knew this very difficulty, I have tried rigidly to
observe the rule of one village, one worker, except that where he or
she does not know Bengali, an interpreter's help has been given. I
can only say that this system has so far answered the purpose. I
must, therefore, discount your experience, I would further suggest
that we have got into the vicious habit of coming to hasty
conclusions. Before pronouncing such a sweeping condemnation as is
implied in the sentence that 'work becomes entirely contingent upon
outside aid and crumbles down as soon as the latter is withdrawn',
I would go so far as to say that even a few years' experience of
residence in a single village, trying to work through local workers,
should not be regarded as conclusive proof that work could not be
done through and by local workers. The contrary is obviously true.
It now becomes unnecessary for me to examine the last sentence in
detail. I can categorically say to the principal worker: If you have
any outside help, get rid of it. Work singly, courageously,
intelligently with all the local help you can get and, if you do not
succeed, blame only yourself and no one else and nothing else.'
Harijan,
2-3-1947