GANDHI PHILOSOPHY : Gandhian view on Non-Violence

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Mahatma Gandhi

GANDHI PHILOSOPHY


On Non-Violence


Gandhi's View

  1. Non-violence & World Crisis
  2. Nonviolence Vs. Violence
  3. Religion Vs. No Religion
  4. The Doctrine of The Sword
  5. My Faith in Nonviolence

From The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi

  1. Resistance To Aggression
  2. The Choice before India
  3. The Way to Peace
  4. The Gospel of Nonviolence
  5. The Power of Nonviolence
  6. Training For Nonviolence
  7. Application of Nonviolence
  8. The Nonviolent Society
  9. The Nonviolent State
  10. Violence & Terrorism
  11. Between Cowardice and Violence
  12. India And The Nonviolent Way
  13. India And The Violent Way
  14. Nuclear War: The Atom Bomb

From A Pictorial Biography of Mahatma Gandhi

  1. Gandhi And Nonviolence

Martin Luther King's views

  1. The Meaning of Nonviolence
  2. Pilgrimage To Nonviolence
  3. Kingian Nonviolence : A Practical Application in Policing

Gandhi's Struggle for Nonviolence

  1. The Birth of Satyagraha
  2. Domestic Satyagraha
  3. Satyagraha At Viramgam
  4. The Indian Emigration Act
  5. The Champaran Struggle
  6. The Mill-Hands of Ahmedabad
  7. The Kheda Struggle
  8. Satyagraha in South Africa

Articles

  1. Violence and Its Dimensions
  2. Youth, Nonviolence And Gandhi
  3. Peace Paradigms : Five Approaches to Peace
  4. Nonviolent Action: Some Dilemmas
  5. Conflict, Violence And Education
  6. Peace Education for the Millennium
  7. Martin Luther King's Nonviolent Struggle and its Relevance to Asia

Books Online

  1. My Non-violence : M. K. Gandhi
  2. Conflict Resolution and Gandhian Ethics : Thomas Weber
  3. Nonviolence After Gandhi (PDF Version) : Edited by G. Ramachandran & T. K. Mahadevan
  4. Gandhi-His Relevance for Our Times : Edited by G. Ramachandran & T. K. Mahadevan
  5. Gandhi And South Africa(PDF Version) : E. S. Reddy
  6. Sabarmati To Dandi : Jyotsna Tiwari

  1. Global Nonviolence Network
  2. Books Recommended
  3. Related Links

Conflict Resolution

  1. Role of Academics in Conflict Resolution
  2. Conflict, Violence And Education
  3. Moral Equivalent of War As A Conflict Resolution
  4. The Emerging Role of NGOs in Conflict Resolution
  5. Gandhi's Role and Relevance in Conflict Resolution
  6. Interpersonal Conflict
  7. The Role of Civil Society in Conflict Resolution
  8. An Approach to Conflict Resolution

Gandhiji's Struggle for Non-Violence : Domestic Satyagraha

My first experience of jail life was in 1908. I saw that some of the regulations that the prisoners had to observe were such as should be voluntarily observed by a Brahmachari, that is, one desiring to practice self-restraint. Such, for instance, was the regulation requiring the last meal to be finished before sunset. Neither the Indian nor the African prisoners were allowed tea or coffee. They could add salt to the cooked food if they wished, but they might not have anything for the mere satisfaction of the palate. When I asked the jail medical officer to give us curry powder, and to let us add salt to the food whilst it was cooking, he said: 'You are not here for satisfying your palate. From the point of view of health, curry powder is not necessary, and it makes no difference whether you add salt during or after cooking.'
Ultimately these restrictions were modified, though not without much difficulty, but both were wholesome rules of self-restraint. Inhibitions imposed from without rarely succeed, but when they are self-imposed, they have a decidedly salutary effect. So, immediately after release from jail, I imposed on myself the two rules. As far as was then possible, I stopped taking tea, and finished my last meal before sunset. Both these now require no effort in the observance.
There came, however, an occasion which compelled me to give up salt altogether, and this restriction I continued for an unbroken period of ten years. I had read in some books on vegetarianism that salt was not a necessary article of diet for man, that on the contrary salt less diet was better for the health. I had deduced that a brahmachari benefited by a salt less diet, I had read and realized that the weak- bodied should avoid pulses. I was very fond of them.
Now it happened that Kasturbai, who had a brief respite after her operation, had again begun getting hemorrhage, and the malady seemed to be obstinate. Hydropathic treatment by itself did not answer. She had not much faith in my remedies, though she did not resist them. She certainly did not ask for outside help. So when all my remedies had failed. I entreated her to give up salt and pulses. She would not agree, however much I pleaded with her, supporting myself with authorities. At last she challenged me, saying that even I could not give up these articles if I was advised to do so, I was pained and equally delighted, delighted in that I got an opportunity to shower my love on her. I said to her: 'You are mistaken. If I was ailing and the doctor advised me to give up these or any other articles, I should unhesitatingly do so. But there! Without any medical advice, I give up salt and pulses for one year, whether you do so or not.'
She was rudely shocked and exclaimed in deep sorrow: 'Pray forgive me. Knowing you, I should not have provoked you. I promise to abstain from these things, but for heaven's sake take back your vow. This is too hard on me.'
'It is very good for you to forego these articles. I have not the slightest doubt that you will be all the better without them. As for me, I cannot retract a vow seriously taken. And it is sure to benefit me, for all restraint, whatever prompts it, is wholesome for men. You will therefore leave me alone. It will be a test for me, and a moral support to you in carrying out your resolve.'
So she gave me up. 'You are too obstinate. You will listen to none,' she said, and sought relief in tears.
I would like to count this incident as an instance of Satyagraha, and it is one of the sweetest recollections of my life.
After this Kasturbai began to pick up quickly whether as a result of the salt less and pulse less diet or of the other consequent changes in her food, whether as a result of my strict vigilance in exacting observance of the other rules of life, or as an effect of the mental exhilaration produced by the incident, and if so to what extent, I cannot say. But she rallied quickly, hemorrhage completely stopped, and I added somewhat to my reputation as a quack.
As for me, I was all the better for the new denials. I never craved for the things I had left, the year sped away, and I found the senses to be more subdued than ever. The experiment stimulated the inclination for self-restraint, and I returned to India. Only once I happened to take both the articles whilst I was in London in 1914. But of that occasion, and as to how I resumed both, I shall speak in a later chapter.
I have tried the experiment of a salt less and pulse less diet on many of my co-workers, and with good results in South Africa. Medically there may be two opinions as to the value of this diet, but morally I have no doubt that all self-denial is good for the soul. The diet of a man of self-restraint must be different from that of a man of pleasure, just as their ways of life must be different. Aspirants after brahmacharya often defeat their own end by adopting courses suited to a life of pleasure.

Source: "The selected works of Mahatma Gandhi" Autobiography (Vol. 1)